Up to and including the 10th edition of the Stieler Handatlas (1920–1925) the Perthes institute, where he worked from 1854 onwards, used copperplate engravings as the basis for its maps. Only at the end of his life did Petermann become more enthusiastic for lithography, which had advanced by then. for geological maps, by mixing copper engraving for the line- and other features and lithography for coloured polygons, there was no technology which could replace the exquisite expression copper engravings could reach. Though some experiments were made by Berghaus, e.g. During their study lithography, though not cutting as fine a portrayal as copper engraving, was on the rise because it was much cheaper. the map of upper- and middle-Italy in 1847 for Stielers Handatlas, which was based on Attilio Zuccagni-Orlandini's 1844 topographic map in nearly 100 sheets), small-scale generalised school maps, and especially applied geography and cartography as shown in their collaboration on the Physikalischer Atlas and the maritime atlas. They were taught more to draft and engrave medium-scale geographic maps of states, continents etc., or their parts (e.g. They were not topographers and only used topography as published in the large-scale maps of that era as a general basis for their later, more generalised works. Berghaus's pupils learned only the rudiments of surveying, even less than he himself had learned: their work in this area can be seen in the plan of Potsdam ( Neüester Plan von der Königlichen Residenzstadt Potsdam / nach trigonometrischen Vermessungen, so wie geo- und hydrometrischen Aufnahmen ausgearbeitet in der Geographischen Kunstschule zu Potsdam unter der Leitung ihres Direktors, des Professors Dr. Physical training was more aimed at surveying, drafting and engraving. The education with Berghaus could be called scientifically cartographic, comprising mathematical geography ( map projections and grids), physical geography ( meteorology, hydrology and geology) and political geography (knowledge of borders and administrative division of European states especially). Petermann started his education in Potsdam on 7 August 1839. Only Lange really paid for the courses, the rest followed them at Berghaus's own expense. During the 3rd course, Berghaus treated his nephew Hermann Berghaus the same way. As Berghaus already had a large family to feed however, he requested an annual subsidy of 60 thaler from the king to support Petermann, which was granted. Berghaus must have recognized the quality of Petermann's work, and therewith his potential and soon took him in as a foster-son. One of the maps, drawn when he was 16, shows South America, and was later published in the journal which was to carry his name. When he read the advertisement for Berghaus' school he sent his son's maps and other work for evaluation. Petermann's father, August Rudolf Petermann, who was a registrar at Bleicherode, could not pay for the further education of his son.
Heinrich Berghaus, with support of Alexander von Humboldt, had started the 'Geographische Kunstschule' (Geographical School of Art) in 1839 in Potsdam, close to Berlin, following the example of the school for engravers at the Archives Militaires Generales in Paris (founded in 1811). His mother wanted him to become a clergyman, but his excellence in the drawing of maps and his love for geographic readings made his choice of another career inevitable. When he was 14 years old he started grammar school in the nearby town of Nordhausen. Petermann was born in Bleicherode, Germany.
3.3 'Petermann school' also known as 'Gotha school'.3 Petermanns geographische Mitteilungen (PGM).2.3 Maps and articles published in English media.
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